脊柱推拿对腰椎间盘突出症患者脑功能活动的影响

目的观察脊柱推拿治疗对腰椎间盘突出症患者脑功能活动的影响。方法招募11例腰椎间盘突出症患者，8例受试者完成了研究。所有患者接受6次腰部脊柱推拿治疗，并在脊柱推拿治疗前、后对患者进行颅脑功能核磁共振成像检测，评估患者脑功能活动的改变及与疗效关系。结果4例腰椎间盘突出症患者脊柱推拿治疗有效，4例无效。脊柱推拿有效患者治疗前、后产生视觉模拟评分（VAS）为50分时的疼痛压力值分别为（7.43±1.47）kg和（10.53±0.55）kg（ P < 0.05），而无效患者的则无明显差异（ P＞0.05）。颅脑功能核磁共振成像检测结果提示，脊柱推拿治疗有效患者的脑功能活动以抑制为主，抑制区域主要位于右侧前额叶及小脑区域；而脊柱推拿治疗无效患者的脑功能活动以增强为主。 结论脊柱推拿能够影响腰椎间盘突出症患者的脑功能活动，其治疗有效患者的抑制区域主要在额叶及小脑。     

无托槽隐形矫治器对牙周炎引起前牙扇形移位的女性患者相关生活质量的影响研究

目的探究无托槽隐形矫治器对牙周炎引起前牙扇形移位的女性患者口腔健康相关生活存质量(OHRQOL)的影响。方法 41例进行成年女性错颌畸形矫治患者,按佩戴矫治器类型不同分为试验组(18例)和对照组(23例)。试验组患者佩戴无托槽隐形矫治器,对照组患者佩戴自锁托槽矫治器,记录附件脱落重粘情况,比较两组患者矫治时长以及不同时间段[矫治开始前(T0)、矫治1个月(T1)、矫治3个月(T2)、矫治6个月(T3)、矫治结束(T4)、矫治结束后3个月(T5)]口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14中文版)评分。结果试验组矫治时长最短42步即84周,最长75步即150周,平均矫治时长(97.52±2.35)周,附件脱落重粘48粒,其中2例重启;对照组矫治时长最短34步即68周,最长74步即148周,平均矫治时长(112.38±3.51)周,因颊面管托槽松动掉落重粘115粒。试验组矫治时长短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=15.437, P=0.000<0.05)。T1时,试验组OHIP-14评分(25.42±4.21)分低于对照组的(35.47±4.02)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);T0、T2、T3、T4、T5时,两组患者的OHIP-14评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论牙周炎引起前牙扇形移位的女性患者佩戴无托槽隐形矫治器较佩戴固定矫治器有利于缩短矫治时间,及较好的生活质量。     

The influence of unilateral disc displacement on stress in the contralateral joint with a normally positioned disc in a human temporomandibular joint: An analytic approach using the finite element method

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of unilateral disc displacement (DD) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) on the stress in the contralateral joint, with a normally-positioned disc, during clenching.Study designA finite element model of the TMJ was constructed based on MRI and 3D-CT of a single patient with a unilateral DD. A second model with bilateral normally-positioned discs served as a reference. The differences in stress distribution in various TMJ components during clenching were predicted with these models.ResultsIn the unaffected joint of the unilateral DD model, the largest von Mises stress at the start of clenching was predicted in the inferior surface of the disc and increased by 30% during clenching. In the connective tissue the largest stress (1.16 MPa) did not reduce during clenching, in contrast to the (unaffected) joints of the reference model. In the affected joint, the largest stress was predicted in the temporal cartilage throughout clenching. In the surrounding connective tissue, the largest stress (1.42 MPa) hardly changed during clenching indicating no, or negligible, stress relaxation.ConclusionsThis suggested that a unilateral DD could affect the stresses in the unaffected (contralateral) joint during clenching, where it may lead to weakening of the tissues that keep the disc on the top of the condyle. The results may be helpful in counseling worried patients, since they give insight into possible future developments of the disorder.     

The prognostic value of the head-shaft angle on hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy

BackgroundHip displacement is the second most common deformity in cerebral palsy (CP). The risk for hip displacement is related to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Recently, the head-shaft angle (HSA) has been identified as a predictor for hip displacement and the aim of this study is to assess the predictive value of the HSA for hip displacement in CP.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort, we performed radiological measurements in 50 children on both hips. In children with GMFCS level II (30 hips), III (30 hips), IV (20 hips) and V (20 hips), we measured the HSA and migration percentage (MP) in three age intervals: age two years (T1), age four years (T2) and age seven years (T3).ResultsAt T1, the HSA was larger (more valgus) in hips that will displace than in hips that will not displace (174° vs. 166°; p = 0.001) and was also larger in higher GMFCS levels (IV–V vs. II–III) (172° vs. 165°; p < 0.001). At T1, GMFCS [odds ratio (OR) 14.7; p = 0.001] and HSA (OR 1.102; p = 0.043) were predictors for hip displacement at T3, but at T2, MP (OR 1.071; p = 0.010) was the only predictor for hip displacement at T3.ConclusionsThe HSA at two years is larger in hips that will displace and larger in children with higher GMFCS levels (IV–V). At age two years, GMFCS and HSA are valuable predictors for hip displacement, but at the age of four years, only MP should be used in the prediction of hip displacement.

Level of evidence

Prognostic study, level II.     

经皮椎间孔镜治疗高龄腰椎椎间盘突出并神经根管狭窄的短期疗效

目的评价经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗高龄腰椎椎间盘突出并神经根管狭窄的临床效果。方法选择2012年11月~2013年6月本院收治的12例有典型根性症状及间歇性跛行的高龄患者,其中L4/L5间隙4例,L5/S1间隙3例,L3/L4/L5双间隙2例,L4/L5/S1双间隙3例,平均病程12.6个月。均采用经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗。结果 12例患者术后根性症状及间歇性跛行均明显缓解,直腿抬高试验阴性,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)为患肢疼痛程度评分,术前为(8.1±1.3)分,术后3个月为(2.3±1.2)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论治疗有典型根性症状及间歇性跛行的腰椎椎间盘突出并根管狭窄的高龄患者,经皮椎间孔镜技术微创、安全、有效,合理选择手术适应证和成熟的椎间孔镜手术经验是手术成功的关键。     

腰椎椎间孔镜手术治疗伴神经根管狭窄的腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的退变性腰椎椎间盘突出、黄韧带肥厚、关节突关节增生内聚引起神经根管狭窄,利用椎间孔镜对神经根管进行减压。方法对20例退变性神经根管狭窄症患者行腰椎椎间孔镜下神经根管扩大成形术,记录术前术后腰腿痛疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分,采用Macnab标准评价疗效。结果 20例患者术前平均腰痛VAS评分为5分,术后即刻为1.5分,术后3个月为0.5分。术前平均腿痛VAS评分为7分,术后即刻为0.3分,术后3个月为0.1分。18例患者术后3个月的改良Macnab疗效评定为优,2例患者为良。结论对腰椎退变性神经根管狭窄症,椎间孔镜可对突出的腰椎椎间盘、关节突关节以及黄韧带进行减压,有效地扩大神经根管,可获得很好的疗效。     

腰椎椎间盘突出症术后症状复发原因分析

目的探讨腰椎椎间盘突出症手术后导致症状复发的原因。方法回顾分析2010年~2013年本院收治的腰椎椎间盘突出症初次术后症状复发患者资料54例。其中L2/L31例,L3/L42例,L4/L526例,L5/S125例。初次手术中行后路单纯髓核摘除术50例,行后路椎间盘切除内固定术4例。术后随访症状复发以5年为分界点,分为A组(≤5年)及B组(>5年)。结果腰部症状复发共54例,其中A组29例,B组25例;下肢症状复发共48例,其中A组23例,B组25例。复发原因为原节段再突出28例,相邻节段突出3例,椎管狭窄8例,内固定障碍4例,腰椎不稳8例,硬膜外血肿2例,感染1例。结论椎间盘突出是导致术后症状复发的主要原因。围手术期导致症状复发的原因为术后感染和硬膜外血肿;中远期导致症状复发的原因为腰椎不稳、腰椎椎管狭窄、内固定障碍和相邻节段退变等。     

极外侧型腰椎椎间盘突出致病相关因素分析及防治

目的探讨作为特殊类型的极外侧型腰椎椎间盘突出症(far lateral lumbar disc herniation,FLLDH)的临床表现独特性及其病因、发病危险因素及致病机理,进一步总结提高对该疾病的认识。方法回顾分析本院近10年PLLDH病例资料58例,通过归纳分析该病的症状特点及原因,评价手术后患者恢复情况及手术效果,总结致病相关因素及防治策略。结果 FLLDH主要见于重体力劳动者,具有根性症状重、直腿抬高试验阳性率低、病史短等特点,多数患者非手术治疗无效需手术治疗。结论 FLLDH做为一种特殊类型椎间盘突出症,可以通过各种方法进行早期预防,MRI技术有助提高确诊率,经侧后路植骨融合患者手术后腰椎失稳、腰部疼痛的情况明显少于单纯髓核摘除减压,2种手术均是快速缓解下肢根性症状、提高生活质量的良好选择。     

Multidimensional ultrasound imaging of the wrist: Changes of shape and displacement of the median nerve and tendons in carpal tunnel syndrome

Dynamics of structures within the carpal tunnel may alter in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) due to fibrotic changes and increased carpal tunnel pressure. Ultrasound can visualize these potential changes, making ultrasound potentially an accurate diagnostic tool. To study this, we imaged the carpal tunnel of 113 patients and 42 controls. CTS severity was classified according to validated clinical and nerve conduction study (NCS) classifications. Transversal and longitudinal displacement and shape (changes) were calculated for the median nerve, tendons and surrounding tissue. To predict diagnostic value binary logistic regression modeling was applied. Reduced longitudinal nerve displacement (p≤ 0.019), increased nerve cross‐sectional area (p≤ 0.006) and perimeter (p≤ 0.007), and a trend of relatively changed tendon displacements were seen in patients. Changes were more convincing when CTS was classified as more severe. Binary logistic modeling to diagnose CTS using ultrasound showed a sensitivity of 70–71% and specificity of 80–84%. In conclusion, CTS patients have altered dynamics of structures within the carpal tunnel. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1332–1340, 2015.